Tim Burton Style Analysis

Tim Burton Style Analysis Tim Burton has accomplished a lot of acclaim for his creative motion pictures and his particular changes of old works of art, for example, Alice, Batman, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. It is in Edward Scissorhands however, a genuine anecdote about an untouchable glancing in, that Burton flaunts his actual aptitudes as a chief. Utilizing perspective, setting, and themes his film becomes a decent film, yet an astounding exemplary. Burton utilizes perspective to show the characters point of view and to fill in the missing holes in the characters history as flashbacks.For model, one of the starting scenes in the film show that the faithful lady glances out the window and sees the other lady of the area running together, yet not welcoming her to go along with them. It shows that the lady is a pariah, and is excluded from things. Another scene shows Edward’s down and out face and afterward flashes over to a scene of Kim messing about with her beau. It lets the watcher comprehend that Edward is intrigued impractically in Kim, and in this manner upset that she is associated with another person. This is a progressively unobtrusive procedure, and makes the scene increasingly paramount to the watcher since they didn’t come directly out and state it.As contradicted to educating the crowd regarding something, Burton likes to let them see with their own eyes. To show Edwards birthplaces, Burton has Edward peering out the window and has a flashback about how he was made. Burton likewise utilizes setting to an enchanted degree. Burton is an admirer of over-distortion, and this is apparent in his qualification of the area and Edwards’s château. While the network is splendid a bright, with places of substituting shading and rather little extents, the stronghold is dim and contradicting. All the houses in the network don’t have multiple feet among them, and even the terraces are obvious from the street.Burton addition ally misrepresents the approaching castle’s segregation by putting it on a mountain. Burton deliberately plans the network to be the comfortable, beautiful American dream while Edward’s palace is the meaning of anguish and fate. However when Peg first goes to the passageway of the stronghold, she experiences an astonishing nursery, considerably more wonderful than anything thing the individuals in the network could make, giving us that our discernments aren’t in every case right. Burton regularly utilizes themes in his motion pictures and Edward Scissorhands is the same. Among many, one of the themes Burton utilizes is congruity versus ndividuality. Burton’s films all convey ongoing themes, and like all of Burton’s past principle characters, Edward is an outsider. He is a sparkle of innovativeness in an in any case dull society. The residents of the network decide to accommodate and the all have level characters. One is either a maneater or a prote ctive kind or some other buzzword, and that part appears to envelop the remainder of their character. While Edward, who is so not quite the same as the manner in which he looks to the manner in which he acts, is by all accounts the main human character. His character has numerous layers.The residents additionally dress splendid and bright is a retro-style, while Edward with his wild hair and fair skin resembles a coarse Goth. Taking everything into account, Burton’s expertise sparkles all through the whole film. Utilizing perspective, setting, themes, and other style strategies, Burton makes Edward Scissorhands a genuine hit. Tim Burton’s irregular style gives new guidelines to the film business, and conveys inspiring tales about misinterpretations and getting yourself. With Tim Burton’s mind blowing aptitude and perky humor, it becomes evident why Edward Scissorhands is such a hit. Gigi Orphali 12-8-11 p. 5-6

Comparing and Contrasting Between Two Companies - Bramble and Blackmore

Question: Examine about theComparing and Contrasting Between Two Companies,Bramble and Blackmore. Answer: Presentation Brier is a strategic organization, who lead their business through a flexibly chain process. They work their business in around 60 nations by the assistance of CHEP, IFCO brands. The organization shows their skill in stacking the hardware, for example, oil, gas and aviation division. Blackmore is a main organization in Australia who produce common wellbeing item (Borowiak et al., 2012). The Blackmore Company essentially makes an enormous scope of minerals, natural enhancements, nourishing enhancements and nutrients by the assistance of which they can ready to clear a path in the medication area. They fabricate prescriptions for people and creatures both. Both of the two organizations are exceptionally gifted and prepared for offering best quality support to their clients through everywhere throughout the world. A Vision and Mission Statement The vision of Bramble Company is to become number one driving organization all through the world who can ready to give imaginative arrangements inside the plan of action, though the Blackmore organization's vision is to give normal sound items and expected administrations to their clients to meet the degree of exclusive expectations which is set by the organization (Blackmores.com.au, 2016). The Bramble Company consistently utilize talented information for setting their qualities inside the attitudes of their clients, while the vision of Blackmore Company is to enhance a few factors inside the medication area which likewise gives high degree information to their clients about medication. The Bramble Company consistently tend to have an extraordinary partner an incentive by coordinating the capacity of work and development, though the Blackmore Company tends to turn into a main manager by offering backing to the social example in various manners (Brambles Corporate Site, 2016). The Br amble Company consistently attempt to convey an inventive feeling of culture, while the Blackmore Company consistently needs to instruct the individuals by giving them an honor winning assistance by the assistance of their sites. Both of the organizations give their main goal to the individuals, condition, and society. As indicated by the corporate organizations, the above focuses are quantifiable, practical and attainable in regards to the parameters of time. Both the organizations are connecting with their whole consideration on their partners by the assistance of their administration procedure. The Bramble Company has in excess of 10000 representatives and every one of them has the mean to accomplish a major stage that they can ready to offer a decent quality assistance to their client while the Blackmore Company has an incredible enthusiasm to accomplish work with the workers from different nations. The Blackmore Companies has almost 300 quantities of representatives just from A sia. From these focuses, it very well may be said that the vision and strategic both of these two organizations have the plan to offer a decent quality support to their clients and furthermore to improve the world spot (O'Donovan, 2014). Both of the two organizations are comprises of talented workers by the assistance of which the organizations can without much of a stretch set the objectives and furthermore ready to accomplish the objectives. By the assistance of this imaginative crucial vision both of the organizations can consolidate a few quantities of new clients and partners inside their business. Estimations of the Organization The Values of the Bramble Company are referenced in their set of principles which likewise mirrors the way of life and gathering of their representatives, while the Values of Blackmore Company are fused inside every single section of their organization which is a conduct goal of the organization. As indicated by the estimations of Bramble Company, each individual from this organization should show regard and do amazingly well to the others in any workplace or conditions while the Blackmore Company accepts that they ought to give a bona fide approach with respect to the medical problems which really move them to do very a ways into their work (Waldman, 2011). The Bramble Company has confidence in cooperation, steadfastness, security and assorted variety during the time spent their business, though the Blackmore Company puts stock in genuineness, dependable, business and individual conduct and exclusive requirement experts. The estimations of the Bramble Company are to demonstrate rega rd to each network inside the earth while they work their business, though the Blackmore Company has an incentive to approach everyone with deference and consistently demonstrate reasonable mentality to everyone in each situation. The estimations of Bramble Company have the aim to utilize information, insight, and experience to impact and rouse the each individuals inside nature however they are increasingly driven towards the client aggregation though the estimations of the Blackmore Company is practically same (Ryall, 2010). The action of the Bramble Company is intense as per the laws, rules, and guidelines and furthermore embraces a few reasonable practices to limit the waste and emanation inside the earth while the action of the Blackmore Company is extremely intense as indicated by the social obligation in view of regard. Graciousness is most significant worry about the individuals, condition, and network inside the general public. Corporate Social Responsibility/Sustainability Every single association has some corporate social duties towards the earth, network, administration, worker, and so on. Thistles have in excess of 10000 representatives through more than 45 number of nations and the Blackmore have in excess of 1000 workers among them around 300 representatives are from Asia (Weiss, 2014). The examination shows that both of these two organizations have the great situation than different organizations in regard to the four key perspectives, for example, representative, condition, network and administration. The people group fragment is comprises of neighborhood, national and worldwide networks. In this segment, the Blackmore Company is scored superior to the Brambles. The earth section comprises of positive collaborations and activities alongside the usage of the common asset and furthermore has an incredible effect of that activities and connections on the biological system of the planet. As indicated by the examination, Brambles have the great ratin g which quantifiably more than the rating of Blackmore Company (Zhong, 2013). The representative is the third section where the correlation between the two organizations is occurring. By the assistance of this segment, everyone can ready to know the arrangements of the organization about their representatives, assessment of the worker execution, work rights, remunerations, modern preparing, and so forth. These variables help the associations to pick up advantage for the association. As per the correlation of the arrangements, the Bramble Company can ready to accomplish more wanted results than the Blackmore Company. The last portion is Governance. In this fragment, the corporate administration is comprises of administrative abilities, partners concern, arrangement divulgence, official pay and so on. By the assistance of corporate administration, the organization can ready to keep up the maintainability inside their presentation (Oakey, 2010). As per the examination, it tends to be s aid that both of the two organizations have practically comparable morals and successful result with respect to the parts of the corporate administration. Partners Mentioned in their Corporate Statements Partners are one of the most significant resources of an association. They help in development and improvement of the association all through the entire procedure. The consideration which is given by the Bramble Company to their clients is fundamental to keep up the relationship, the enormous size of system and the capital which is put resources into helping the organization for rivaling different organizations who are additionally connect inside the comparative item advertising (Chapman, 2011). The consideration which is given by the Blackmore Company to their clients is an inventive and innovative thought in the assembling procedure of the item, the capital which is the increase after speculation, and the accessibility of the rebate item completely for the partners. By thinking about the partner inside the association, the Bramble Company can increase a ceaseless advantage by accomplishing an extensive benefit in their business income and capital addition. The Blackmore Company add itionally has a decent arrangement about sifting through the profits to their partners (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011). The organizations totally move the profits and interests straightforwardly to the records of the clients. As indicated by the DRP plans, the partners of the Blackmore Company doesn't require to pay for the financiers, commissions and stamp obligation for buying the individual portions of the organization. Both of the two organizations tend to connect more quantities of partners into their associations by the assistance of different imaginative plans (Newcome et al., 2015). The Blackmore Company has an imaginative arrangement by the assistance of which they can ready to give mindfulness about their individual concerns and the Bramble Company make an arrangement by the assistance of which the organization can ready to maintain the matter of calculated flexibly chain easily for their clients and partners. Brand people group are significant for keeping up and expanding t he quantity of clients and partners. End In this exploration study, it very well may be handily said that both of the two organizations tends to accomplish showcase believability by giving great quality items and administrations to their clients through everywhere throughout the world. By examining the ecological issues it is additionally certain that both of the two organizations has an extraordinary information about the waste administration process. Partners are the most significant resource for both of the two organizations. Both of the two organizations have a typical point that they need to instruct their clients with the assistance of online courses. Reference Blackmores.com.au. (2016).About us. [online] Available at: https://www.blackmores.com.au/about-us [Accessed 29 Nov

Its snowing, and Its Raining

It’s snowing, and “It’s Raining” Its snowing here tonight, so when I got home I decided to curl up on the papasan and catch up on some reading. This weekend, I got so caught up in applications that I didnt read Sundays New York Times, usually my favorite read of the week. The front page article in the Arts section was about the Korean pop star Rain: At 23, Rain, who has been labeled the Korean Justin Timberlake and the Korean Usher, is a serious and driven performer (with washboard abs, winsome looks and a Gene Kelly-like ability to leap through puddles while performing his hit song, Its Raining). He wants nothing less than to break down barriers, build cultural bridges and become the first Asian pop star to succeed in America. A few paragraphs later, the author turns to none other than MIT Comparative Media Studies professor Henry Jenkins for reasons why the popularity of Rain has grown in the US: Inevitably, non-Asian-Americans are discovering such easily accessible foreign culture, too. Because of the multidirectional flow of cultural goods around the world, there is a new pop cosmopolitanism, according to Henry Jenkins, professor of comparative media studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In an essay in Globalization (University of California Press, 2004), Professor Jenkins writes that younger Americans are distinguishing themselves from their parents culture through their consumption of Japanese anime and manga, Bollywood films and bhangra, and Hong Kong action movies. Previous Henry Jenkins appearances in this blog: On video games On Star Wars Harry Potter fandom On Bollywood

Essay on International Crime - 1990 Words

CJ509-01NA: Comparative Criminal Justice Systems Professor: Unit 9: International Perspectives on Corrections and Juvenile Justice - Final Written Assignment February 15, 2011 Abstract: Throughout the term we have encompassed an array of information pertaining to international criminal justice practices. The examination of past, present, and future trends facing global justice systems has led us to embark on research and topics for many different countries. This paper will cover the topics of social phenomenon, social behavior, legal traditions of contemporary society, Interpol and Europol, and what is forthcoming for future trends in international criminal justice practices. The difference in studying crime as a social†¦show more content†¦Because lately Nigeria has been one of the top countries that has been listed in the forefront of the news for scams that have cost many individuals across the world money a closer look have been taken to prohibit these types of cybercrimes. Crimes people place among others throughout any organizations and society does affect the social and psychological motives on the person. The issues of international crimes help to explain the social and psychological motives throughout the globe. The images of social behavior help improve both theoretical and psychological motives that created individuals organizations to help to prevent violence throughout society. According to Reichel the comparative criminology does focus through social and psychological behaviors through community. The future of these cybercrimes is uncertain; furthermore, the more technology seems to increase the more technical and savvy criminals be come. When considering the legal traditions of contemporary society a person would have to take into consideration many different attributes to determine the legal traditions. With reference to my personal opinion the three primary legal traditions are Common law, Religious law, and Contemporary law. â€Å"An argument can be made that a fourth tradition, socialist, exists on its own right but can also be considered and argued to be a part of civil law† (Reichel, 2008).Common law had its basisShow MoreRelatedDomestic And International Measures Of International Crime1027 Words   |  5 PagesBoth domestic and international measures are somewhat effective in dealing with international crime. Both crimes against the international community and Transnational crimes represent both positive outcomes in dealing with international crime, thus, exemplify issues in key areas. Through intergovernmental organizations such as the International Criminal Court and Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB) , international crime Is effectively dealt with. Hence, problems such as extradition and people smugglingRead MoreInternational Criminal Court : An International Tribunal Focused On International Crime1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe International Criminal Court in Den Haag, known as the ICC is the first, and only, permanent international tribunal focused specifically on international crime. Originally established in 2002, the ICC was established with the responsibility of investigating, charging, and prosecuting individuals suspected of ordering or committing genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. ICC was established with the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in at a diplomaticRead MoreThe International Organization Structure Of Organized And White Collar Crimes Essay2217 Words   |  9 Pagesfamiliar with crimes that deal with funding for terrorism or the violation of human rights in America. These crimes have increased in terms of size of groups, offenders, and activities over the past ten years. 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The mandate of the Court is to try individuals and to hold such persons accountable for the most serious crimes of concernRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report Is Perceived By The International Association Of Chiefs Of Police770 Words   |  4 PagesUniform Crime Report also knowns as the UCR, is a program that was perceived by the International Association of Chiefs of Police in 1929. This program was essentially created to provide consistent, uniform crime statistics. Around 1930, Congress sanctioned the U.S. attorney general to assess crime in the United States (NACJD, 2010). Thus allowing the UCR program to get underway, tasking the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), with the jobs of gathering, circulating, and archiving all crime statisticsRead MoreGlobal Crimes Cause Global Issues That Affect The National And International Justice System933 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal crimes cause global issues that affect the national and international justice system. For more than 20 years , as the world economy has globalized, so has its illicit counterpart. The international impact of global crime has risen to record levels. The increase in international crime represents the dark side of globalization. Transnational criminal organizations have utilized ever-changing technologies and adapted intricate network structures that are difficult to trace and stop, and have expandedRead MoreGlobal Crimes Cause Global Issues That Affect The National And International Justice System1187 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Global crimes cause global issues that affect the national and international justice system. For more than 20 years, as the world economy has globalized, so has its illicit counterpart. The international impact of global crime has risen to record levels. The increase in international crime represents the dark side of globalization. Transnational criminal organizations have utilized ever-changing technologies and adapted intricate network structures that are difficultRead MoreGenocide : An International Crime2054 Words   |  9 PagesGenocide is a horrific, systematic destruction of people that affects the international community because of its severity and violation of human rights. Genocide is considered an international crime because its consequences rattle the world. Genocide can occur for many reasons. The reasons vary from a group feeling threatened, to sending a warning to others, or to simply gain power among the community. Another reason for the occurrence of genocide ma y be to gain wealth, whether it is economicalRead MoreWhat Is International Crime Victimization1427 Words   |  6 Pageshas been consistent research throughout many countries with the International Crime victimization survey that has found that victims are less pleased with law enforcement than the general population (Van Dijk et al., 2007). This is an issue that not just Israel, but police in the United States of America must deal with. The Israeli government has implanted changes in trying to give victims’ rights most notably with the â€Å"Victims of Crime Rights Act† (Sebba and Gal, 2003). This allowed victims to beRead MoreHuman Trafficking Has Become An International Crime1249 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, human trafficking is the illegal practice of procuring or trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation. Human trafficking has become an international crime, affecting the lives of m en, women, and children. There are several motives for human trafficking, but in Nepal, trafficking is mainly concentrated on domestic work and prostitution. While most people wouldn’t associate disease and post-traumatic stress disorder

Mental Health Counseling Free Essays

Professional competence among practicing mental health counselors has not been resolved yet whether it is attained through a licensure or higher educational training of this field.   As per many researches that have been conducted, it takes a lot of training and experience before one could get competence.   Besides, counseling a person with a mental health problem requires adequacy and expertise because irrelevant referral may result to a more aggravated condition on the part of the patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health Counseling or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Thus, the issue of competence among mental health counselor requires a more rigid consideration for comprehensive trainings designed to develop competency. Professional competency is not acquired easily after four years of education in college nor if someone practicing it finds counseling a less difficult one.   Even highly experienced therapist may also seek professional help or doubt their abilities as counselors according to Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Corey and Patrick Callanan (p. 315).   This is why; many experts recommend a kind of training for these counselors in order to meet criteria of a competent counselor especially in dealing with mental health problem. There are practical ways in approaching difficult cases that requires good judgment.   In the first place, a counselor must identify whether he can do something about the problem, and refer that client to another therapist long before the allotted sessions end and not at the last day of therapy.   This only annoys the client and causes him to be disappointed further because of irresponsible referral. Based on the common issues observed in counseling sessions, the therapist must understand two factors that may contribute to his effectiveness: his judgment of the case and adequate training. Personal judgment of the case involves how a counselor evaluates the case and his own capability to handle it.   This also engages whether the case needs referral and when or how to communicate that to the client.   Referral is the last option when all the possible resources have been used up or exhausted. Training on other hand, is one basic component of competence.   Training must be comprehensive and organized in terms of selection of trainees, content, and best approaches to ensure desired results (Corey, Corey Callanan, p. 319).   Meanwhile, the kind of training to obtain licensure is under the jurisdiction of the accreditation committee; however, in most cases, licensure is given to those who obtained degree of psychology in college.   Here, the necessary trainings to develop a student are incorporated in the curriculum.   Generally, hands-on training is the transition point of students to have him acquire knowledge and skills. The content of a training program should be structured around a specific theoretical orientation that revolves around challenges as seen by concerned groups such as schools and practicing practitioners. Corey, et.al. pointed out that content must be objective and practical enough to offer students a variety of therapeutic techniques and strategies that can be applied to variety of problems (p. 332).   Training program then must provide theoretical explanation to given problems in order to help them formulate rationale for every situation. Professional licensing may indicate that a person is competent as long as a comprehensive program is offered to students by the school and licensing department of the government.   – stated, â€Å"Licensing examination generally contains a written component which may be supplemented by oral examination or practicum exam (patient diagnosis or counseling).   These examination are commonly written or administered by the state board which also provides for scoring them and determines what â€Å"passing† scores are (p. 132). Also, on the part of the school, â€Å"The supervision work experience or practicum is meant to ensure that during the initial years of practice, the professional has the guidance necessary to deal with the complexities of practice.   It is a transition period between the intense supervision that is supposed to be part of academic training (p. 132). Work Cited Corey, G., Corey, M., Callanan, P. Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions 7th Edition. Smith, S. Meyer, R. 1987.   Law, Behavior, and Mental Health: Policy and Practice. USA: NYU Press.       How to cite Mental Health Counseling, Essay examples

Commonwealth Bank of Australia and Emerging Markets- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCommonwealth Bank of Australia and Emerging Markets. Answer: Emerging Market For The Commonwealth Bank Of Australia Could Expand Its Business Into. Emerging markets are the developing countries or the emerging economies. They are countries that are experiencing a rapid industrialization, modernization, and a fast economic growth hence adopting a free market. As compared to the developed countries like Germany, Japan, Italy and the United States of America, the emerging markets have a lower-than-average per capita income (Cavusgil, Riesenberger, Rammal Rose, 2015). In the recent years, despite the fact that these countries represent a low-cost manufacturing and a high-risk business environment, they have started to pose a competitive challenge to the so-called advanced economies due to the evolving of their infrastructures and legal systems. Some of the developing countries or the emerging markets include the following; Brazil, Egypt, Chile, Morocco, Kenya, China, Mexico, South Korea, Tanzania, Ukraine, Uganda, and Nigeria. The significance of the emerging markets is that they oblige growth in the worldwide economy. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia should expand its business into, for instance, Kenya as an emerging market. For the recent years, mobile banking in Kenya is on a rising note. According to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, the use of mobile financial services is more popular amongst the Kenyans which increased in the year 2016 with 18% of the population use MShwari and KCB M-Pesa the mobile banking services in Kenya. The use of the mobile banking service saw an increase of 10% since the year 2013 (Webcache.googleusercontent.com, 2017). For this reason, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia should expand its business of mobile banking into Kenya. Commonwealth Bank of Australia will use the acquisition of a financial technology TYME to expand its mobile banking services in Kenya since the propagation of cell phones is posing a big challenge to the method of traditional banking in which Kenya is the world-leading mobile-money system. A Strategy, The Commonwealth Bank Of Australia, Should Use To Enter Into The Mobile Banking System In Kenya. In trying to venture into the emerging markets, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia should come up with creative strategies to enable them to achieve their goals and objectives in the developing countries. By entering the mobile banking system in Kenya, the CBA should partner with the available and qualified companies that offer the mobile banking services. The primary mobile banking service providers in Kenya are Safaricom in which their service is branded as M-Pesa and Airtel in which their service is branded as Airtel Money. In this case, CBA with its acquisition of TYME should seek an alliance with these two companies to access the local market knowledge and establish their digital banking ecosystems to serve their clients in Kenya. The partnership strategy employed by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia will ensure that there is an opportunity to improve the bank's customer base and give them an opportunity to acquire more competitive advantages. Although there are risks and challenges in the emerging markets that affect the international market, the CBA bank will make sure that they utilize this strategy correctly to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the mobile banking system in Kenya. The partnership strategy will be a success if only there is clear communication between the two alliances, collaboration, commitment and trust amongst them. Although venturing into the emerging markets is challenging, the Commonwealth Bank should use this strategy to fill the gaps in the mobile banking system in Kenya. References Cavusgil, S. Tamer, Knight, G, Riesenberger, J.R.,Rammal, H. and Rose, E. 2015. International Business: the New Realities, 2ND Edn, Pearson Australia, Melbourne Vic. Nicoletti, B. (2014). Mobile banking: evolution or revolution? https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1765630. Summers, J. and Smith, B. 2014, Communications Skills Handbook, 4th edition, John Wiley Sons Australia, Milton. Webcache.googleusercontent.com. (2017). 2016 FinAccess. [online] Available at: https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:5GwdzrXbAJkJ:www.knbs.or.ke/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_phocadownload%26view%3Dcategory%26download%3D839:finaccess-2016-survey-report%26id%3D121:rare-copies%26Itemid%3D599+cd=1hl=enct=clnkclient=firefox-b-ab [Accessed 26 May 2017].

Midsummer Nights Dreams Essays - A Midsummer Nights Dream, Hermia

Midsummer Nights Dreams A Midsummer Night's Dream was written in 16th century England. In 1595, life was as you can imagine very different. During this period Queen Elizabeth I was at the throne. England was a Christian country and people greatly honoured the queen. Shakespeare was Elizabeth I's poet laureate, so his work was highly valued across England. Women were treated as second-class citizens. In lower class families, girls were not usually educated. They were expected to do domestic jobs and look after children. In the upper class homes things were different. Girls were educated but they did not have free opinion. Women did not have any rights; they had no choice in what they did with their lives or whom they married. The father of the girl would choose a suitor for her (usually being the wealthiest man available) and she was expected to marry him. In theatre, men would play the part of women. The Elizabethans strongly believed in the supernatural. Few aspects of sixteenth century life were not affected by the belief of witchcraft. Fairies and sorcerers as being real. Magic was not as we see it today; things that young children believe, but as compelling and real. Their beliefs in god were very much related to those of witches and demons. If you had sinned, people believed you had the devil in you. In a Midsummer Night's Dream, different plots are linked to form a comical play based around magic and love. The play is set in an enchanting forest amongst the cowslips; hidden deep in the wood is the fairy kingdom. I personally think that Shakespeare was very clever in how he devised ?A Midsummer Night's Dream,' as he has three very good elements of entertainment; love, magic and comedy represented with different stories and characters. The Lovers represent the effects and powers of love. Hermia is prepared to give her life up for the man she loves. In a way, Shakespeare has adopted a modern view of things, as Hermia's character is not one of a ?typical' Elizabethan woman. She is a fiery young lady, determined to be with the man she loves. Lysander and Hermia have a good, strong relationship. Helena dotes upon Demetrius, but her ?love' is not real love, like Hermia's, it is more of an infatuated love. This contrast of being in real love and being blinded by love, very much makes you think and if you were in a relationship you would think twice about your feelings after watching the play. The Workmen are all very simple characters, named according to their personality. They have been implanted in the play to add humour and some lighthearted entertainment from the more serious issues within the play. Bottom, in particular, is used to cause fun and drama. The fairies make the play magical and exciting; Puck is a mischievous, cunning young fairy that likes to play tricks on mortals. Some of his speeches contain repetition for example: 396 Puck: ?Up and down, up and down, I will lead them up and down. I am fear'd in field and town; Goblin, lead them up and down...' Repetition has made this speech into a song/chant; this makes the speech ?magical' and ?fun'. The use of repletion and rhyme by Puck at the end of this scene is used to create a poetic country atmosphere. In which the natural world is described well. The fairy scenes are very entertaining. The language is in the way, Titania's ironical words to bottom. 144 Titania: ?Thou art as wise as thou art beautiful.' It is ironic that Titania is saying this, because Bottom is clearly nothing close to beautiful. There is sense of suspense present in Act 3, Scene 1. Titania is asleep on the stage, the person she first sets her eyes upon when she awakens will be the one she falls in love with. On the stage are the workmen. This suspense makes the play exciting. The lovers are very much more involved in the dramatic side of the production, with their arguments, Shakespeare uses alliteration to create a dreamy, romantic, magical atmosphere. For instance: 435 Hermia: ?And sleep, that sometimes shuts up sorrow's eye, Steal me awhile from mine own company' The use of alliteration emphasises what Hermia is talking about, making her words more memorable. The plot is very clever, although it relies on coincidence. The fairies' costumes would have been spectacular and dazzling. The workmen would be dressed in rags and the lovers and court in very smart, rich garments. The

Ethics in Action

Ethics in Action Ethics plays an important role in our decision-making process, be it individually or collectively in an organizational context. Ethics deals with knowing what is wrong and what is right. Thus, it involves analyzing ethical decisions, beliefs, and actors inline with different activities. Recognizing the risks of poor decision-making can prevent ethical issues that arise in our daily life or career.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Action specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this light, this paper focuses on the attributes of poor decision making, how to resist unethical acts, and the essential components of ethical leadership. Decision-making entails reducing uncertainty about many alternatives, which allows the decision maker to make the best choice. However, several people are not good in decision-making as they believe, and the few who set goals do not achieve them. According to Mallor et al (2010), the thr ee common characteristics of poor decision-making are failing to remember objectives, overconfidence, and complexity of issues. It is easy for people to set goals and not achieve anything. The reason is that they set them, but do not do anything to make sure that their activities do not deviate from the set goals. After setting the goals, managers fail to remember them on daily basis and thus, they make no progress. Similarly, overconfidence causes people to overvalue their knowledge and underestimate the risks in decision-making. Many decision makers think that if they are able to accomplish their goals before without much effort, then they are too confident that they will achieve them without working hard or considering other alternatives. Complexity of issues is another cause of poor decision-making. As the issues become more complex, it is not easy to come up with meaningful and best solutions. There is a possibility of ignoring some important issues and considering the simple a nd less important ones.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Resisting suggestions to act unethically is helpful in avoiding the causes of poor decision-making. First, finding mentors and peer support group is essential in resisting unethical acts. Individuals in these groups will be able to share information that relates to their work, and discuss on many matters such as the code of ethics. Second, the team members can forward their concern to the authority about any unethical matters. Individuals should work with the firm to stop unethical behavior where they report such matters to the top management. Lastly, recognition of unethical requests and people is important in this sense. When team members are taught on how to deal with unethical issues in their daily activities, they will be able to tell between both ethical and unethical issues (Mallor et al., 2010). In thi s regard, there are many ways to act ethically as a leader in an organization. First, the leader should put the organizations interest first. This means that the leader should listen to the other team members and more so give them more power in decision making. In other words, he should leave his ego and his self-interest behind and do what is best for the firm. A good leader should implement ways in which those who are under him can question his authority just in case he acts unethically. Additionally, participative decision-making is the best rather than autocratic leadership because the other group members will be able to give more information and thus, it is easy to make decisions. The group members will have a feel of ownership in making decisions and more so in areas that affect them and thus, become more productive. Gaylord et al (2009) suggests that a leader must also strive to become interpersonally competent. He should learn to understand more on body language and facial e xpressions, which could have many meanings. Communication and good listening skills are also important because the leader can understand the team members better. However, before trying to understand others, he should first have self-understanding. In conclusion, ethical consideration takes an important part in decision-making. Understanding and avoiding the major characteristics of poor decision-making, including failing to remember goals, overconfidence, and complexity of issues provides an avenue for solving ethical problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Action specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a leader, it is therefore important to find help from support groups, work with organization, and recognize suspicious activities in order to resist unethical acts. Finally, a good leader must first consider organization’s interest, apply participative decision-making, and practice interpersonal compet ency to lead ethically. References Gaylord, A., Jentsz, Miller, R. L., Rank B. C. (2009). Business Law: Text and Summarized Cases: Legal, Ethical, Global and E-Commerce Environment. Cengage Learning. New York. Mallor, J.P., Barnes, A.J., Bowers, T., Langvardt, A.W. (2010). Business Law: The Ethical, Global, And Ecommerce Environment (14th ed.). New York: Irwin/McGraw Hill.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Communication - Essay Example Success in collaboration is dependent on various elements such as shared goals, member interdependence, and input of all members and shared decision making (Stallworth, 1998 in Frey L., 2004). Good communication skills such as good listening skills, appreciating other team member contribution, polite interruption made collaboration in the editorial team possible and attractive cover page. To have an effective collaboration in group dynamics, various learning styles emerge such as; auditory learning, kinesthetic and visual learning and intelligence (emotional intelligence). The different learning styles and intelligence constitute an important tool in improving individual learning and collaboration. This helps group members develop social, cognitive and reasoning skills such as critical thinking and communicating ideas. Group collaboration creates a sense belonging for all stakeholders. Benchmarks are within timelines to keep every collaborative effort on track. An effective communication network must exist for collaborative

Feminist Movement in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Feminist Movement in England - Essay Example According to the essay "Feminist Movement in England" findings, in England, the movement of feminists has been quite successful to an extent. O'NEILL declares in his study that the major change for women in the history of England is about their employment. Even in the times when England is facing the problem of unemployment, it is surprising that the employment rate of women is seen to increase. This shows that the working class of women is rising to a level that would match up to the men’s level. Hence the employment prospects for women have increased significantly in the past years. Women who are mostly in their mid ages get hired by different firms (O'NEILL, 1969). Recently a renowned economist told a group of individuals who were leaving their school that it would be not them who would get hired but their moms. This clearly shows that women in their middle ages have brighter prospects of getting employed. However, this statement is true to an extent but at times it can als o mislead the women. On the contrary Mohanty & Alexander state that this situation of employment cannot be compared to the situation in wartime when the women took over all the job opportunities they could get i.e. even the job of a man (Mohanty & Alexander, 1997). The women today in England are working in such a way that even the man wouldn’t consider doing. The twenty years of the movement of feminism in Britain has greatly influenced the whole system. The employment rate among women has increased significantly.... The revolution in the employment sector started from the 18th century as Engel's in his book describes the revolution. Mohanty & Alexander further explains that the industrial sector was experiencing a change and many individuals were replaced by modern technologies (Mohanty & Alexander, 1997). As men were removed from their labor women got a chance to enter the arena of employment. Comi states that women were the first to enter the work of maintaining and servicing the machinery which was bought in by the industries. In the recent times there have been a lot of developments in the world of women in England. Women are increasingly getting the rights which they should get (Comi, 2003). However, on the other side of the story, Dervin declares that women are still facing some difficulties while living in England. Even now the problem of rape and discrimination occurs in England. The cases of rape and trafficking of girls is still found in England. Other sorts of discrimination among the genders are also taking place (Dervin, 1997). Dixon claims that the United Kingdom consists of more than fifty two percent of the women's population. But still the percentage of the women which work in the government departments is far much lower than that of the males. 18 percent of the women signify for the Member of Parliament 23 percent for the civil department and 36 percent for the government employments. This shows that in all these departments there is discrimination amongst the women as they are not on the higher posts like the males. Thus it can be said that the males are dominating the society in England (Dixon, 2001). However the percentage calculated here is far better than the percentages analyzed when feminists

Social Work Counselling in Social Work

Social Work Counselling in Social Work The Role and Applicability of Counselling in Social Work Practice Introduction and Overview Social work originated as a community help measure in the 19th century and has since then become an organised discipline that aims to support and empower those who suffer from social unfairness. Apart from helping the disadvantaged to live with dignity, social work aims at achieving social inclusion and has been found to be effective in correcting disparities and in helping individuals to overcome impediments that arise from different aspects of life; apart from those that require knowledge of the physical and medical sciences. Social work practice has, over the years, become integral to Britain’s working life and current estimates put the number of active social workers in the country at significantly more than one million. (Parrott, 2002) Whilst social workers can be called upon to assist all sections of the community, the majority of their assignments concern helping individuals in stressful situations and those experiencing difficulties with issues that relate to emotions, relationships, unemployment, work, disabilities, discrimination, substance abuse, finances, housing, domestic violence, poverty, and social exclusion. Such a range of applications has necessitated the development of (a) a variety of skills and techniques, (b) methods to transfer these skills to social workers, and (c) procedures for the delivery of social work in a variety of settings, which include schools and colleges, households, hospitals, prisons and secured homes, and training and community centres. (Parton, 1996) Social work practice focuses on dealing with the problems of service users. The maintenance and improvement of their social, physical, and mental states is often dependent upon the effectiveness of social work intervention. (Miller, 2005) Users of social work services are largely economically and/or socially disadvantaged, and the vulnerabilities, which arise from these circumstances, frequently contribute to the nature of their relationships with service providers. (Miller, 2005) Social work makes use of a broad range of knowledge and incorporates information obtained from several disciplines; it empowers social workers in practice to use their acquired knowledge and skills first to engage service users and then to bring about positive changes in undesirable emotional states and behavioural attitudes, or in positions of social disempowerment. (Miller, 2005) Counselling forms one of the main planks of social work practice and constitutes the chief mode through which social workers directly engage service users; it is considered to be the public face of the activity and is an integrative course of action between a service user, who is vulnerable and who needs support, and a counsellor who is trained and educated to give this help. Face to face and 121 interactions between social workers and service users take place mostly through counselling activities. Apart from the directly beneficial effect that occurs through counselling, much of the social work approach that needs to be adopted in specific cases for other interventionist activity is decided on the basis of feedback provided by counsellors. This assignment aims to study and analyse the importance of counselling in social work practice. Commentary and Analysis Social work practice, in the UK, has evolved along with the development of the profession, and with the progression of social policy, ever since the first social workers were trained at the London School of Economics, at the beginning of the 20th century. (Parton, 1996) Whilst social policy, formulated at the level of policy makers, defines the broad routes taken to alleviate social inequalities, the actual delivery of social work occurs through social work practice, an activity carried out by thousands of social workers all over the United Kingdom. (Harris, 2002) Social work makes use of a range of skills, methods, and actions that are aligned to its holistic concentration on individuals and their environments. (Harris, 2002) Social work interventions vary from person-focused psychosocial processes that are focused on individuals, to participation in social policy, planning and development. (Harris, 2002) These interventions include counselling, clinical social work, group work, soc ial academic work, and family treatment and psychotherapy, as well as efforts to assist people in accessing services and resources within the community. (Harris, 2002) Social workers, in their everyday activity, need to assume multiple roles that aim to balance empowerment and emancipation with protection and support. (Harris, 2002) Balancing this dilemma is often a difficult process; it depends upon the needs of service users and requires social workers to assume more than one role. (Harris, 2002) These roles, whilst being versatile and flexible, broadly consist of seven broad categories, namely those of planners, assessors, evaluators, supporters, advocates, managers, and counsellors. (Harris, 2002) Whilst social work practice is spread over these broad functions, this assignment aims to examine and analyse the significance and application of counselling in social work, especially with reference to (a) the complexities involved in its practice, (b) combating oppression and discrimination, and (c) from the viewpoint of service users. Counselling, whilst being a catch-all term, used for describing of various professions, is, an important component of social work practice. (Rowland, 1993) It is a developmental process in which one individual (the social work counsellor) provides to another individual or group (the client), guidance and encouragement, as well as challenge and inspiration, in creatively managing and resolving practical, personal and relationship issues, in achieving goals, and in self realisation. (Rowland, 1993) Whilst the relationship of social work with poverty and deprivation necessitates that most counselling activities relate to such issues, counselling has now become an active and interventionist method to achieve change in social situations and empower people to improve the quality of heir lives. (Rowland, 1993) The activity depends upon client-counsellor relationships and includes a range of theoretical approaches, skills and modes of practice. The British Association for Counselling defined the activity thus in 1991: â€Å"Counselling is the skilled and principled use of relationships to develop self knowledge, emotional acceptance and growth, and personal resources. The overall aim is to live more fully and satisfyingly. Counselling may be concerned with addressing and resolving specific problems, making decisions, coping with crisis, working through feelings or inner conflict or improving relationships with others. The counsellors role is to facilitate the clients work in ways that respect the clients values, personal resources and capacity for self determination.† (Rowland, 1993, p 18) Part of the confusion regarding the actual nature of counselling activity stems from the fact that the phenomenon is of recent origin and is becoming increasingly popular both as a widely sought service and as a professional career. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Whilst social researchers have floated a number of theories to explain the growth in counselling in social work, most experts ascribe its increasing usage to the diminishing impact of religion, the breaking and scattering of family life, and the removal of previously existing family and community social structures. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Priests have ceased to become confidantes and advisors; New modes of disempowerment have also led to the creation of a vast range of emotional and physical stresses with adverse effects on the psycho-emotional states of numerous people and their consequent need for counselling. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Counselling has its origins, both in the past, and as an up-and-coming discipline, in various professions. It fills the intermediate gap between psychotherapy and amity, and thus becomes a particularly useful tool for intervening and touching upon the private, societal, professional, medical, and educational aspects of people. (Rowland, 1993) Whilst it grew organically, its effectiveness in diminishing distress led to its progressive assimilation in social work practice. Again the idea of the social worker as a person, who works with or counsels persons, has been a persistent concept in social work all through its emergence. (Pease Fook, 1999) Counselling has also been connected with some of the critical principles of social work, particularly with regard to recognising the innate value of the individual and respecting the human being. (Pease Fook, 1999) Counselling and casework also find favour with those who look at social work, in its entirety, as a process where different compo nents work synergistically with each other in helping and supporting individuals. (Pease Fook, 1999) Also inherent in the role of the social worker, as a counsellor, is the idea that change will be involved in the behaviour or outlook of the service user. It is in fact the diminution on the role of counselling role, which has been one of the major apprehensions regarding provision of social work through services. (Pease Fook, 1999) Counselling, in its basic form, involves the meeting of a counsellor and a service user in a private and confidential setting to investigate the emotional and mental difficulties, and distress, the service user may be having because of varying person-specific reasons. (Rowland, 1993) Counselling, as is evident from its increasing usage, has been found to be of great help in a variety of situations; in treating people with mental problems of varying severity; in helping those suffering from trauma, anxiety or depression; and in aiding people with emotional or decision making issues. (Rowland, 1993) Whilst it has been found to be applicable across different locales, for example, in schools and colleges, disturbed domestic settings, and in workplaces, it has also proved to be effective in helping people afflicted with serious illnesses like cancer and aids, victims of road and industrial accidents, and people in various stages of rehabilitation. (Coney Jenkins, 1993) Counsellors meet the requirements of people who experience traumatic or sudden interruptions to their life development and to their social roles. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Prominent among these counselling functions are those in areas of marital breakdown, rape and bereavement. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) The work of the counsellors in such cases can be clearly seen to arise from social problems, namely from shifting social perceptions of marriage, reassessments of male and female roles, and new patterns of marriage and family life. (Dryden Mytton, 1999) Counselling provides a route to helping individuals to negotiate this changing social landscape. Counselling has also been found to be helpful in the area of addictions. Specific counselling approaches have been developed to assist people with problems related to substance abuse, gluttony and for giving up smoking. (Pease Fook, 1999) In some areas of counselling, which deal with addiction, for example, with users of hard drugs, counsellors engaged in social work practice, function side by side, with sets of legal restrictions and moral issues. (Pease Fook, 1999) The possession and use of cocaine, for example, is not just viewed to be morally incorrect but also a criminal activity. (Pease Fook, 1999) â€Å"The counsellor working with a heroin addict, therefore, is not merely exploring ‘ways of living more satisfyingly and resourcefully’ but is also mediating between competing social definitions of what an acceptable ‘way of living’ entails.† (Pease Fook, 1999, p72) Some of the different objectives counsellors try to achieve in their dealing with service users relate to (a) providing them with an understanding of the origins of emotional difficulties, (b) enabling them to build meaningful relationships with other people, (c) allowing them to become more aware of blocked thoughts and feelings, (d) enabling them to develop a more positive attitude towards their own selves, (e) encourag ing them to move towards more fulfilment of their potential and (f) helping them in solving particular problems. (Pease Fook, 1999) The following example provides an instance of how counselling helps individuals to overcome serious personal traumas. â€Å"Paula had been driving her car. Her friend, Marian, was a passenger. Without any warning they were hit by another vehicle, the car spun down the road, and Paula thought ‘this is it’. Following this frightening event, Paula experienced intense flashbacks to the incident. She had nightmares which disturbed her sleep. She became irritable and hyper vigilant, always on the alert. She became increasingly detached from her family and friends, and stopped using her car. Paula worked hard at trying to forget the accident, but without success. When she went to see a counsellor, Paula was given some questionnaires to fill in, and he gave her a homework sheet that asked her to write about the incident for ten minutes each day at a fixed time. In the next counselling session, she was asked to dictate an account of the event into a tape recorder, speaking in the first person as if it was happening now. She was told to play the trauma tape over and over again, at home, until sh e got bored with it. In session 3, the counsellor suggested a way of dealing with her bad dreams, by turning the accident into an imaginary game between two cartoon characters. In session 4 she was invited to remember her positive, pre-accident memories. She was given advice on starting to drive her car again, beginning with a short five-minute drive, and then gradually increasing the time behind the wheel. Throughout all this, her counsellor listened carefully to what she had to say, treated her with great respect and was very positive about her prospects for improvement. After nine sessions her symptoms of post-traumatic stress had almost entirely disappeared, and she was able to live her life as before.† (Starkey, 2000, p37) Counsellors need to keep in mind that socialisation leads to the development of perspectives on issues like race and gender. (Moore, 2003) Many of these perspectives are assimilated to such an extent that people have little control over them and are bound to impact the working of counsellors if not understood, isolated and overcome. (Moore, 2003) â€Å"In an anti-oppressive framework, these views are broken into six main lenses; racism, sexism, heterosexism, ableism, ageism, and class oppression.† (Moore, 2003) People are regularly excluded on account of their colour, gender, sexual orientation, abilities, age, and class. (Moore, 2003) Most of these factors do not occur in isolation and thus lead to multi-oppression, for example an aged female from a minority background could face oppression because of three factors, the whole of which becomes stronger than the sum of individual components. Oppressive perspectives occur through a common origin, namely economic power and contro l, and employ common methods of limiting, controlling, and destroying lives. The PCS model developed by Thompson, in 2001, argues, in similar vein that inequalities, prejudice and discrimination operate at three levels, Personal, Cultural, and Structural, and by constantly strengthening each other, create powerful mental biases and prejudices against members of out-groups, people who are disadvantaged by way of colour, race, ethnicity, religion and language. Individual views, at the personal level, interact with shared cultural, historical and traditional beliefs to create powerful prejudices. (Thompson, 2001) Dominant groups within society constantly reinforce their superiority by driving home the inferiority of other groups through a number of overt and covert methods. (Harris, 2002) Whilst movements that aim to dismantle such stereotypes are emerging slowly, the biggest conflict is still within. (Harris, 2002) Internalised oppression is the oppression that we impose on our own selves due to environmental pressures. (Harris, 2002) The oppression is internal ised from the prevailing society’s message through various institutions like the media, existing religious infrastructure, and other forms of socialisation. (Harris, 2002) Examples of such oppressive practices are the pressure put on working mothers to run an efficient household, in addition to putting in a full day at the office, or expecting mothers who stay at home to work from dawn until late night. (Harris, 2002) These prejudices are further strengthened by structural discriminations that are created by social and governmental structures, (as evinced by diminished employment opportunities for people with histories of substance abuse or the refusal of landlords to rent houses to members of certain communities), and create a complex web of mutually reinforcing social processes. Counsellors are prone to be oppressive because of assimilated perspectives, stereotyping, and because they hold power over service users. It is imperative that they recognise these imbalances and wo rk towards eliminating them in their work as well as in the promotion of change to redress the balance of power. Looking at social issues through the perspectives of service users is thus critical to counselling activity. Social workers often face ethical challenges in their dealing with service users. There are many instances in social work where simple answers are not available to resolve complex ethical issues. Clients, for example, can inform counsellors about their intention to commit suicide or inflict physical harm on their own selves, ask for reassuring physical contact in the nature of hugs, and confide about their intentions to harm others. (Langs, 1998) There is a strong possibility of sexual attraction developing between counsellor and service user. (Langs, 1998) Such situations can lead to the development of dichotomies between personal and professional ethics, and to extremely uncomfortable choices. (Langs, 1998) Conclusion Counselling is a complex and demanding activity that demands knowledge, experience and people skills, as well as compassion, empathy and understanding. Above all counselling activity, as an integral component of social work, requires commitment to social good. Counselling theories have evolved over the last half century; they have multiple origins, are complex in their formulation, and whilst having common features, need to be individually adapted to the needs of service users. Whilst it is not easy to grasp and apply these theories, their comprehensive understanding and application are essential to the effectiveness of counselling work. Counsellors, by virtue of the nature of their work and their power in counsellor-service user relationships exercise enormous influence over the decisions of service users. The diversity and heterogeneity of counselling reflects the sensitivity of counselling to the enormous variations in human experience. Whilst understanding of theory helps in discharging of responsibilities, counsellors are also limited by assimilated perspectives on oppression, career and money demands, and their own emotions. Their responsibilities are manifold, and include duties towards service users, towards the profession, and towards the wider community. Apart from being challenging, satisfying and rewarding, counselling also provides the opportunity to make profound differences to the lives of other human beings. References Bond, T, 2000, Standards and Ethics for Counselling in Action, Sage Publications Ltd. London Corney, R. Jenkins, R, (Eds.), 1993, Counselling in General Practice. London: Routledge Counselling saves British business millions every year, 2003, British Association for Counselling and Therapy, Retrieved December 3, 2007 from www.instituteofwelfare.co.uk/downloads/welfare_world_24_full.pdf Dryden, W, 2006, Counselling in a nutshell, Sage Publications Ltd. London Dryden, W., Mytton, J, 1999, Four Approaches to Counselling and Psychotherapy, London: Routledge Feltham, C, 1995, What Is Counselling? The Promise and Problem of the Talking Therapies, Sage Publications Ltd. London Harrow, J, 2001, Working Models: theories of counselling, Retrieved December 3, 2007 from http://www.draknet.com/proteus/models.htm Harris, J, 2002, The Social Work Business /. London: Routledge Hornby, G., Hall, C., Hall, E. (Eds.), 2003, Counselling Pupils in Schools: Skills and Strategies for Teachers, London: RoutledgeFalmer Langs, R, 1998, Ground Rules in Psychotherapy and Counselling. London: Karnac Books Miller, L, 2005, Counselling Skills for Social Work, Sage Publications Ltd. London Moore, P, 2003, Critical components of an anti-oppressive framework, The International Child and Youth Care Framework, Retrieved December 3, 2007 from www.cyc-net.org/cyc-online/cycol-1203-moore.html Nelson-Jones, R, 2000, Six key approaches to counselling and therapy, Sage Publications Ltd. London Noonan, E, 1983, Counselling Young People. London: Tavistock Routledge Now Youre Talking; Counselling Has Become a Big Business Employing Thousands. but Is It a Job for You? Bonnie Estridge Talks It through London Jobs/Opportunities, 2004, October 14, The Evening Standard (London, England), p. 61 Parrott, L, 2002, Social Work and Social Care, London: Routledge Parton, N. (Ed.), 1996, Social Theory, Social Change and Social Work, London: Routledge Pease, B. Fook, J. (Eds.), 1999, Transforming Social Work Practice: Postmodern Critical Perspectives. London: Routledge Retail Therapy: Beauty So Tell Me, Whats the Problem? Laura Davis Investigates the Growing Trend for Counselling, 2004, October 28, Daily Post (Liverpool, England), p. 8 Rowland, N, 1993, Chapter 3 What is Counselling? In Counselling in General Practice, Corney, R. Jenkins, R. (Eds.) (pp. 17-30) London: Routledge Shardlow, S. (Ed.), 1989, The Values of Change in Social Work. London: Tavistock/Routledge Starkey, P, 2000, Families and Social Workers : The Work of Family Service Units, 1940-1985 /. Liverpool, England: Liverpool University Press Thompson, N (2001) Anti-Discriminatory Practice, Third Edition, London: Palgrave Urofsky, R. I., Engels, D. W, 2003, Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, and Counselling Ethics: Not an Abstraction. Counselling and Values, 47(2), 118+

Dialectal Awareness in the Reeves Tale Essay -- Reeves Tale Essays

Dialectal Awareness in the Reeve's Tale Throughout any given period of human history, language has been the highest expression of observable and transmissible culture. Individuals generally affiliate themselves with those of like culture and characteristics and tend to shun those who express qualities and beliefs that are different from what is commonly accepted or familiar. Wedges are often driven in the midst of identical groups of people with common beliefs, simply because one particular dialect of their language is strange to the ear of another group, or is difficult for that other group to understand . The differences between the Northern and Southern Middle English dialects of the late 1300's were, for many valid reasons, so distinct that over time lines of demarcation were conceived, as were stereotypical views of the people who spoke the language of the North. But fourteenth century poet Geoffrey Chaucer saw beyond the divisions to the heart of the matter; he recognized the efficacy and validity of the Northern dialects, considering them as no less proper forms of English than his own native "Londonese"-- a mixture of Southern and East Midlands dialects. It is by capitalizing upon these well-known stereotypical views through his distinct dialectal differences that Chaucer helps Oswald the Reeve get "one up" on the impertinent Miller through his own savvy, satirical Canterbury tale. In order to understand the implications that dialectal differences would have had upon the Southern view of a Northern speaker of Middle English, one must first investigate the individual differences that clearly existed between the two forms of the language. As there was no standardization of the ... ...frey. The Canterbury Tales: Nine Tales and the General Prologue. Ed. V. A. Kolve and Glending Olson. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989. Clark, Cecily. "Another Late Fourteenth-Century Case of Dialect Awareness." Review of English Studies 40 (1989): 504-505. Ellis, Deborah S. "Chaucer's Devilish Reeve." Chaucer Review 27 (1995): 150-161. Geipel, John. The Viking Legacy: The Scandinavian Influence on the English and Gaelic Languages. London: David & Charles, 1971. Hughes, Arthur and Peter Trudgill. English Accents and Dialects : An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of British English. Baltimore: University Park P, 1979. Mossà ©, Fernand. "Introduction." A Handbook of Middle English. Trans. James A. Walker. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1952. Woods, William F. "The Logic of Deprivation in The Reeve s Tale." Chaucer Review 30 (1996) : 150-161.

Media Violence Outline Essay

I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement You are what you watch. Easy to say, and not too difficult to imagine either. A little over a decade ago, two boys who later became household names in America, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold walked into Columbine High School in Colorado and went on a mass murdering spree where they killed 12 students, 1 teacher and injured 23 others before shooting themselves (Anderson & Dill, 2008). While their motives behind doing so cannot be ascertained, one possible contributing element which did surface was the influence of violent video games. At the risk of oversimplifying what is possibly a complex psychological minefield, Harris and Klebold did enjoy playing a game called Doom, which is licensed by the American military for the purpose of training soldiers to kill effectively. Harris had customized his own version of this game and put it up on his website, which was later tracked by The Simon Wisenthal Center (Anderson & Dill, 2008). This version of the game had two shooters with an unlimited supply of weapons and ammunition, and their targets lacked the ability to retaliate. A class project required them to make a video of themselves similar to the game, and in it, they dressed in trench coats, armed with weapons, and conduct the massacre of school athletes. Less than one year had gone by when Harris and Klebold played their videotape out, in real life, and became the protagonists of the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history (Anderson & Dill, 2008). II. Body paragraph #1 There is nothing new about the presence of violence in our tools of entertainment. Whether they were ancient Greek dramas, theatre in the Elizabethan era or the modern electronic dramas of today, a healthy dose of violence was never missing. In Macbeth for instance, Shakespeare showed Macbeth’s head being brought on stage at the end of the play (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). The Great Train Robbery, an 11-minute film directed by Edwin S. Porter was the first firm considered to tell a story in a systematic manner. In one scene, he shows an intense scene where a cowboy fires a pistol directly at the camera, which when first showed to audiences, had them running out of the theaters in disarray and fear (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). A. Since the advent of media itself, there have been countless studies on the connection between depiction of violence in media and its occurrence in real life. B. Discussions, debates, conclusions and grey areas have all been further examined and while television is the most prominent target of accusations, comic books, jazz, rock and roll music and video games have not escaped blame either. C. Research on this topic started as early as the 1960s when television was a recent entrant in the media fray and a causal connection has been derived between media violence and aggressive behavior. III. Body paragraph #2 Opponents fuss over the definition and measurement of media violence, does actual physical bodily harm constitute violence or can a threatening statement also be deemed so? Then, does media violence cause aggression, or are the two simply associated? Consistency of the relationship also causes doubts over agreed upon data when the example of Japan is quoted, where violent media is extremely common, yet crime rates are significantly low  (Anderson & Dill, 2008). Then is media solely to blame for violence in society? Doesn’t that take the blame away from a lot of other contributing factors in society itself and make the argument generally unrealistic? A. All these issues and thorny areas can be settled by the simple logic of the social learning theory which proposes that when people see that a certain behavior causes positive or desired results, there is a high probability of them imitating and enacting that behavior (in this case, violent) themselves (Anderson & Dill, 2008). B. So while the strength of the relationship and the presence of other factors and the measurement of violence itself can be debated till the end of time, the fact remains, when children view aggressive behavior and violence in cartoons, video games, movies, as well as on the internet, it encourages similar tendencies in them and these children are more likely to be aggressive as children and later as adults. C. Research started as early as 1956 when researchers analyzed and compared the behavior of 24 children, half of whom had watched an episode of the cartoon Woody Woodpecker with distinct depictions of aggressive behavior, while the other half were exposed to the cartoon The Little Red Hen which did not depict any violence at all (Huesmann. 2003). IV. Body paragraph #3 Studies have also shown that the kind of violence which affects their psyche and causes them to model their behavior as depicted in media is when they can associate real life with the situation depicted, because they can identify with the character responsible for the violence and observe him/her/it getting rewarded for the violence. A. Research conducted by Boyatzis, Matillo and Nesbit (Gunter & McAleer, 1997) proved earlier theories about media violence getting encoded in the cognitive map of viewers and subsequently instigating violent thoughts and acts upon repeated viewings. B. The popular children’s series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers was used to prove that after watching a single episode from this show, children incorporated more aggression into their play with other children. C. Results showed that children who had seen the episode became significantly more aggressive at play the following day as compared to the children from the control group: V. Body paragraph #4 TV is not the sole culprit in this regard. Other mediums and tools of entertainment have an equal role to play. In â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development†, Koojimans (2004) explains the General Aggression Model – the name coined for the phenomenon which explains how video games and their depictions of violence influence people and make them more susceptible of indulging in violent behavior themselves. This model elaborates on how various situational and personological factors combine to influence a person’s internal state which includes his thoughts, feelings and physical arousals (Koojimans, 2004). A. Research conducted on video games by Nicoll and Kieffer, presented to the American Psychological Association as â€Å"Violence in Video Games: A Review of the Empirical Research† found that youth upon playing a violent video game, if only for a short while, displayed more aggressive behavior than before (Nicoll & Kieffer, 2005). B. Another study was conducted with more than 600 students of 8th and 9th grade as participants and showed that children who played more video games also had more of a tendency to get involved in arguments with their seniors and other teachers, and they would also be more likely to get into physical rows with their peers (Nicoll & Kieffer, 2005). C. Not only that but it was also found that children who spent more time watching video games imitate the characters they acted out in the video game and their moves while playing with their friends. VI. Conclusion The plethora of research knowledge available about the effects of violence in the media definitely supports initial concerns about media violence as well as the efforts to control its harmful effects. While causality can be debated till time eternal, what can’t be denied and what should absolutely not be brushed under the carpet for any longer is that a steady diet of violence does in fact instigate violent tendencies in viewers, be it through violent television programs, movies, cartoons, video games or any other forms of entertainment which incorporate violence in various forms. Media today plays a key role in nourishing children’s minds, and for the larger case of public health and societal betterment, we need to ensure that we provide more nourishing fare for our children and youth. Reducing their exposure to violent media is definitely the first step in the right direction, with the potential to yield positive benefits. An intervention is needed before we start reaping the seeds of aggression and rebellion that have been planted in young minds owing to careless media policies. References Anderson, Craig and Karen Dill. â€Å"Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 (2008): 772-790. Bushman, Brad and Craig Anderson. â€Å"Media Violence and the American Public: Scientific Fact Versus Media Misinformation† American Psychologist 56 (2001): 477-489. Gunter, Barry and Jill McAleer. Children and Television (second edition), Routledge: London, 1997. Huesmann, L. Rowell, Jessica Moise-Titus, Cheryll-Lynn Podolski, and Leonard Eron. â€Å"Longitudinal Relations between Children’s Exposure to TV Violence and their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977-1992.† Developmental Psychology 39 (2003): 201-221. Kooijmans, Thomas. â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development†. Rochester Institute of Technology. 2004 Nicoll, Jessica and Kevin M. Kieffer. â€Å"Violence in Video Games: A Review of the Empirical Research.† Presentation to the American Psychological Association, August 2005.

Is there a Real Choice in Where Patients with Cancer Wish to Die or is this a Myth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3559 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction Recently, the concept of patient autonomy has become more prevalent within the healthcare field with the government and the NHS promoting patient choice and providing assurance that individuals will have full control over their care and patient journey. However, a recent publication from Macmillan Cancer Care (MCC) (2013a, pp. 1-27), suggests that there is very little choice available for individuals suffering from terminal cancer with regards to where they spend the end of their lives. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is there a Real Choice in Where Patients with Cancer Wish to Die or is this a Myth?" essay for you Create order Figures provided within the MCC (2013a, p. 8) report suggest that 81% of cancer sufferers would prefer to die at home whilst in reality, 48% of these die in a hospital with only 23% of patients dying within the comfort of their own homes. For individuals who are approaching the end of their lives, the option of being cared for and dying within their own home with the familiarity and comfort that this brings, is often very important. The National Bereavement Survey (NBS) (Office for National Statistics, 2012, np) showed that that the loved ones of those who had died in hospital often considered the standard of care as being poor when compared to those who died at home, in a care home or within a hospice. Indeed, the NBS (ONS, 2012, np) showed that 53% of loved ones whose friend or family member had died at home and 58% of those who had died in a hospice, rated the standard of care as outstanding or excellent compared to just 34% for those who had died within a hospital. This ess ay will consider the barriers that cancer patients are presented with when making their end of life choices and will make recommendations for improvement of service to ensure that these individuals are allowed to make and receive their final choice. However, the essay will begin with a brief overview of the benefits that end of life patient choice can bring to both the individual and to the wider society. The Benefits of End of Life Patient Choice According to the National End of Life Intelligence Network (2012, p.7) 89% of patients who die in hospital are brought in as emergency admissions. However, a large number of these individuals have already expressed their desire to die at home, therefore representing a poor patient outcome and negative experiences. In addition, these unnecessary emergency admissions place a costly strain on accident and emergency departments and the patients take up hospital beds that could be used for other cases. When one considers that the number of people in this country is increasing with the elderly becoming the most prevalent age group, it is not unfeasible to believe that the number of individuals dying from terminal cancer over the next few decades is also going to increase. This increase in numbers is likely to cause the current model of care to become unsustainable. However, promoting choice and delivering end of life care choices can actually save money by reducing the number of emergenc y admissions. According to MCC (2013a, p.9), there is a net saving of just under  £1000 for every individual who dies in the community rather than in a hospital bed. Barriers to End of Life Care Choices Evidence suggests that there are multiple barriers that prevent individuals from being cared for and ending their lives in their chosen place. The first barrier is the identification of people approaching the end of their lives. According to MCC (2013a, p.10), 38% of cancer patients approaching their end of life were unaware that they were dying, whilst figures from Marie Curie Cancer Care (2013, p.7) show that only 26% of individuals with a palliative care need are placed on the palliative care register. One of the main reasons for this appears to be a lack of confidence in the health professionals over instigating conversations with individuals over their end of life journey. A study carried out by Revill (2010, p.11) found that 60% of GPs were not confident about discussing death or dying with their patients. This lack of identification and lack of professional confidence therefore prevents many people from being able to make their end of life choice in a timely fashion, therefo re increasing the number of emergency admissions that have previously been discussed. However, another issue that has been raised is that of poor planning and coordination between services. When one considers the needs of a terminally ill cancer patient, it is clear that there is a requirement for multiple health and social care providers to work together to provide a joined up service delivery. Unfortunately, the MCC (2013a, p.11) report suggests that this joined up service is not occurring with 45% of respondents thinking that community services worked well together and only 33% stating that GP and other services outside of the hospital worked well together. The reason for this poor service is considered to be a lack of coordination and communication between the different care entities. Indeed, the MCC (2013a, p.11) report suggests that it is often a requirement of the close family and friends of the dying loved one or the actual patient to coordinate care between health and so cial care departments. The report suggested that information needed to be repeated to the different professionals suggesting that there is a lack of communication between the different departments and that patient information is not being recorded or shared in an appropriate manner. Nevertheless, there is evidence to suggest that Advance Care Plans (ACP) are a successful way in which a persons end of life choices can be successfully achieved. Abel et al (2013, pp.168-173) followed 969 terminally ill patients, 550 of whom had made an ACP. 75% of these individuals successfully achieved their dying wishes with regards to the location that they had chosen. In addition, a study published by the NHS (2012, pp.3-4) suggests that the Electronic Palliative Care Coordination Systems (EPaCCS) where patient information, including their end of life choices, can be stored and shared, is an effective way of achieving pro choice for the patient with up to 80% of individuals living in areas where the EPaCCS system is implemented achieving their preferred choice of location to die. In addition, the NHS (2012, p.12) report shows that the implementation of this system has resulted in savings of  £133,200 where it is implemented. Another positive study has been published by Gao et al (2013, np) who found that the number of individuals being able to die either at home or in a hospice has increased since 2005 when the National End of Life Care Programme was first launched. However, the percentage change was only marginal (0.8%) therefore suggesting that more needs to be done to ensure patient autonomy is at the top of the list for terminally ill patients. Another barrier that is likely to prevent an individual from dying within their own home is lack of skills and resources within the community workforce. In these cases, the role of the community nurse is vital, however, the number of community nurses is steadily declining (Royal College of Nursing, 2013, np). This redu ction of the workforce further dilutes the available skill mix, therefore having a detrimental impact on the quality of care provided to those who choose to die at home. According to the MCC (2013a, p.13) report, only 19% of individuals who chose to die at home received adequate pain relief during their last 3 months of life. Indeed, the lack of 24/7 access to community services forced a large number of these individuals to contact emergency services resulting in admittance to hospital. In 2010, nearly half of the UKs primary care trusts did not provide 24/7 community nursing services for end of life patients with little progress being made following the subsequent change to Clinical Commissioning Groups (MCC, 2013a, p. 13). Another report published by MCC (2013b, pp. 1-15) suggests that a lack of access to social care services also restricts the ability of an individual to make end of life care choices. Whilst it is obvious that the right amount of social support is needed in or der for a terminally ill individual to be able to remain at home during their last stages of life, this support is often not provided. The MCC (2013b, p. 3) report suggests that this is not always due to the service not being available, but more often being the result of the complex assessment process and the lack of coordination between health and social services. Indeed, 97% of healthcare professionals stated that the complexity of the social care needs assessment is a substantial barrier to gaining the right amount of home care for terminally ill patients. As such, the care for these terminally ill individuals is often left to family members as informal carers. However, only 5% of these individuals actually receive a carers allowance despite them taking on the majority of the personal care responsibilities of these terminally ill patients. Thomas et al (2002, p.531) asserted that the needs of cancer patient carers were greatest as the cancer progressed to end stage; however, a di stinct lack of support for these informal carers is prevalent throughout the UK (Soothill et al, 2001, p.468). MCC (2013b, p.6) found that 47% of these informal carers felt that they needed support but were unable to get any. Therefore it is not surprising that this lack of carer support is resulting in many cancer patients being admitted to hospital in the days or hours before death despite it being their wish to die at home. Recommendations for Improvement As studies have shown that the local implementation of the EPaCCS has been successful, there should be a renewed commitment by the Department of Health and the NHS to ensure the national implementation of this scheme. Indeed the National End of Life Care Strategy (DOH, 2008, np) made a commitment to pilot and establish end of life care registers that would ensure the coordinated care of terminally ill patients and also ensure that every organisation involved in the care of that individual were aware of their end of life choices. As such, it is asserted that NHS England need to prioritise the roll out of these systems. When this system is implemented on a national basis, EPaCCS will not only coordinate care but will also provide considerable data that can be used to compare outcomes for end of life patients throughout the UK. In addition to this system, it is vital that health care professionals involved with terminally ill cancer patients encourage them to fill out an ACP as a rout ine part of the care package. A randomised control trial carried out by Detering et al (2010, np) followed 309 terminally ill patients for a period of six month, 154 of whom had completed an advanced care plan. Of the 56 patients who died during the study period, 29 of them had made an ACP with 86% of these achieving their end of life choices compared to just 30% of those who had not made an ACP. This shows that it is vital to document end of life choices to ensure that they are followed by all those involved in the final days of the patients care. Another recommendation is to make end of life care training mandatory for all health professionals who are likely to be involved in palliative care. This includes making a timely identification of individuals who are approaching the end of their lives and providing these professionals, including GPs, with the right training to boost their confidence in instigating end of life discussions with terminally ill patients. This will enable t hese terminally ill individuals and their families to come to terms with their disease progression and make appropriate plans for their end of life care. It is also recommended that all terminally ill individuals have a named professional who is responsible for the coordination of their care and who will ensure that their end of life choices are met whenever possible. This was a key recommendation of the UK Governments (2013, pp. 1-62) review of the Liverpool care pathway, which stated that a named consultant or GP should take overall responsibility for a patients end of life care, whilst a named registered nurse would have day to day responsibility for the care of that individual and for the communication of information between the patient, family members and other members of the care team. The UK Governments (2013, p. 57) review also recommends improving access to community services by increasing funding to ensure that there is a consistent 24/7 access to all social care servic es throughout the UK. This is considered to be a priority, as without access to 24/7 care, a large number of individuals are not having their pain managed adequately, forcing them to take further action by attending an emergency department. In addition, the government needs to commit to implementing free social care to terminally ill patients and to simplifying the social care assessment to ensure that all those who need social support are able to access this service in a timely fashion. Whilst the UK government has recognised that there is much merit in the proposal of free end of life social care (MCC, 2013a, p. 19), they are yet to offer a firm commitment to this proposal. The continued complexity of the social care assessment and the confusion over who is able to receive social care needs to change if patients wishes to die at home are to be honoured. Indeed, Taylor (2012, p.1297) asserts that there is a need to change the way in which all health and social care is provided to e lderly patients and suggests a combined health and social care assessment to ensure a proper joined up and coordinated service for these vulnerable patients. It is also recommended that improved support for carers is instigated to ensure that all those who are caring for a terminally ill patient are recognised as informal carers and are in receipt of a carers allowance. In addition, it is vital that these carers a given the right level of support by health professionals; this support should include having 24/7 access to help and advice, being given regular respite and having adequate information with regards to the progression of their loved ones disease to enable them to encourage the patient to make end of life care plans. Joyce et al (2014, p.1150) found that out of 120 caregivers who were responsible for delivery of medications to their terminally ill relative, only 27 (22.5%) of them received any formal support. This often led to confusion over dose rate and fear that the pa tient was receiving too much or too little of the medication provided. This issue is compounded by the fact that many of these informal carers are elderly themselves and often have their own health problems (Jack et al, 2015, p.131). Finally, it is considered that delivering choice for end of life care should be focused on giving that patient a good death, regardless of where they chose to die. As such, it seems logical that there is a need to understand the experiences of terminally ill patients towards the end of their lives in order to deliver adequate care. As such, it is considered vital to explore how the experiences, concerns, fears and feelings of people approaching the end of their lives can be recorded and used to improve future patient outcomes. Whilst it is accepted that the National Bereavement Survey (ONS, 2012, np) provided a large volume of useful information, the current lack of nationally collected information from end of life patients needs to be addressed. As such, it is recommended that future study be directed in this way. Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that whilst having a genuine choice over where to spend the last few days and hours of your life is hugely important to terminally ill patients, there are significant barriers to achieving these choices. Current figures suggest that nearly three quarters of cancer patients chose to die at home but less than 29% of them actually do so. The MCC (2013a, p. 3) report estimate that this amounts to 36,000 patients dying in hospital when they had chosen to die at home. A number of barriers exist that are currently preventing the individual from achieving personal choice at the end of their lives; these include poor identification of individuals entering the end of life stage, poor communication from health professionals, poor planning and coordination between health and social services, lack of skills and resources in community nursing and lack of universal access to social care resources. Nevertheless, despite these current barriers, none are insurmountable if current services are simplified and organised in a way that sees the needs of the individuals and their families and carers brought to the forefront. Whilst the government has funded reports and strategies to improve end of life care, it is clear that not enough is being done to change the way in which end of life care is provided. Significant change is required in order to move care and resources out of hospitals and into the community so that peoples preferences can be delivered. However, this can only happen if there is a clear commitment given by all the players involved in end of life care to share the same ambition, that being to deliver a coordinated and integrated care package that meets the needs, wishes and preferences of end of life patients and their carers. A number of recommendations on how this can be achieved have been included in this essay. These recommendations include simplify the social care assessment, providing free social care to end of life patients, improvi ng support for informal carers and ensuring that these carers are recognised, improving the training of health professionals in recognising the transition to end of life stages and encouraging them to instigate discussions over end of life choices, improving access to social services by ensuring a 24/7 service across the UK and implementing the roll out of the EPaCCS across the whole of the UK to ensure that end of life choices are recorded and shared between all the relevant care providers. As it stands at present, whilst end of life patients do have a choice over where they die, these preferences are often not honoured. They do not have full control or autonomy over their end of life care. However, the choice of place to die is not a myth as it is a very achievable option that requires coordination between services and a commitment from the government to improve community health services. References Abel, J., Pring, A., Rich, A., Malik, T., Verne, J. (2013). The impact of advance care planning of place of death, a hospice retrospective cohort study. BMJ Supportive Palliative Care, 3(2), 168-173. Department of Health. (2008). End of life care strategy. Available online at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/end-of-life-care-strategy-promoting-high-quality-care-for-adults-at-the-end-of-their-life accessed 21 June 2015. Detering, K. M., Hancock, A. D., Reade, M. C., Silvester, W. (2010). The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 340. 1345-1353 Gao, W., Ho, Y. K., Verne, J., Glickman, M., Higginson, I. J., GUIDE_Care Project. (2013). Changing patterns in place of cancer death in England: a population-based study. PLoS Med, 10(3), e1001410. Jack, B. A., OBrien, M. R., Scrutton, J., Baldry, C. R., Groves, K. E. (2015). Supporting family carers providing endà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?ofà ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?life home care: a qualitative study on the impact of a hospice at home service. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(1-2), 131-140. Joyce, B. T., Berman, R., Lau, D. T. (2014). Formal and informal support of family caregivers managing medications for patients who receive end-of-life care at home: A cross-sectional survey of caregivers. Palliative Medicine, 28(9), 1146-1155. Macmillan Cancer Care. (2013a). A time to choose. Available online at https://www.macmillan.org.uk/Documents/GetInvolved/Campaigns/Endoflife/TimeToChoose.pdf accessed 21 June 2015. Macmillan Cancer Care. (2013b), Theres no place like home. Available online at https://www.macmillan.org.uk/Documents/GetInvolved/Campaigns/SocialCare/Making-the-case-for-free-social-care-at-the-end-of-life.pdf accessed 21 June 2015. Marie Curie Cancer Care. (2013). Death and dying. Available online at https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/globalassets/media/documents/policy/policy-publications/february-2013/death-and-dying- understanding-the-data.pdf accessed 21 June 2015. National End of Life Intelligence Network. (2012). What do we know now that we didnt know a year ago? New intelligence on end of life care in England. Available online at https://www.endoflifecare-intelligence.org.uk/view?rid=464 accessed 21 June 2015. NHS. (2012). Making the case for change: Electronic palliative care coordination systems. Available online at www.nhsiq.nhs.uk/download.ashx?mid=4423nid=4424 accessed 21 June 2015. Office for National Statistics. (2012). National Bereavement Survey 2012. Available online at https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/subnational-health1/national-bereavement-surveyvoices-/2012/index.html accessed 21 June 2015. Revill, S. (2010). GP Pilot Project Evaluation. Available online at https://www.dyingmatters.org/sites/default/files/user/documents/Resources/Dying_Matters_GP_Pilot_Evaluation_-_final.pdf accessed 21 June 2015. Royal College of Nursing. (2013). Frontline First: Nursing on Red Al ert. Available online at https://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/518376/004446.pdf accessed 21 June 2015. Soothill, K., Morris, S. M., Harman, J. C., Francis, B., Thomas, C., McIllmurray, M. B. (2001). Informal carers of cancer patients: what are their unmet psychosocial needs? Health Social Care in the Community, 9(6), 464-475. Taylor, B. J. (2012). Developing an integrated assessment tool for the health and social care of older people. British Journal of Social Work, 42(7), 1293-1314. Thomas, C., Morris, S. M., Harman, J. C. (2002). Companions through cancer: the care given by informal carers in cancer contexts. Social Science Medicine, 54(4), 529-544. UK Government (2013). More Care, Less Pathway, A review of the Liverpool Care Pathway. Available online at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/212450/Liverpool_Care_Pathway.pdf accessed 21 June 2015.